{"id":312,"date":"2021-05-21T17:41:17","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T17:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/?page_id=312"},"modified":"2021-05-22T10:56:14","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T10:56:14","slug":"cooling-towers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/cooling-towers\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooling Towers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\"Cooling\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Cooling towers or heat rejection devices are used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to reject process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.<\/p>\n

Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, chemical plants, power plants and building cooling. As industry develops more in countries like Ghana and Nigeria etc. the inherent hazards that come with these developments increase unless remedial actions are taken and preventative policy is in place. The most common hazard from cooling towers is Legionnaires Disease caused by the warming of water such as in the cooling tower. The water then evaporates as vapour or aerosol leading to a proliferation of legionella bacteria which can lead to infection if inhaled.<\/p>\n

Environmental Hazards<\/h3>\n

Legionella have been known for some time to live within amoebae in the natural environment.
\nLegionella species are the causative agent of the human Legionnaires' disease and the lesser form, Pontiac fever.
\nLegionella transmission is via aerosols\u2014the inhalation of mist droplets containing the bacteria.<\/p>\n

According to recent research The Journal of Infectious Diseases provides evidence that Legionella pneumophilia, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease, can travel at least 6 km from its source by airborne spread.<\/p>\n

Temperature Effects<\/h3>\n

70 to 80 \u00b0C (158 to 176 \u00b0F) -Disinfection range
\nAt 66 \u00b0C (151 \u00b0F) \u2013Legionellae die within 2 minutes
\nAt 60 \u00b0C (140 \u00b0F) \u2013Legionellae die within 32 minutes
\nAt 55 \u00b0C (131 \u00b0F) \u2013Legionellae die within 5 to 6 hours
\n50 to 55 \u00b0C (122 to 131 \u00b0F) -They can survive but do not multiply
\n20 to 50 \u00b0C (68 to 122 \u00b0F)-Legionellae growth range
\n35 to 46 \u00b0C (95 to 115 \u00b0F) -Ideal growth range
\nBelow 20 \u00b0C (68 \u00b0F) \u2013Legionellae can survive but are dormant<\/p>\n

Alternatives<\/h3>\n

Chemical Treatment
\n1. Short term -Cl2, must be repeated every 3 to 5 weeks, corrosion factors
\n2. Long term -Cl2, takes up to 17 months for system saturation
\nNon-Chemical Treatment
\n1. Short term -Thermal eradication -must be repeated every 3 to 5 weeks
\n2. Long term -Industrial size copper silver ionisation (Ionization) technology<\/p>\n

Advantages of using XzioX<\/h3>\n

An Oxidative Process Hygiene System based on in-situ Chlorine Dioxide generation
\nDesigned to be competitive with other Oxidative regimes, e.g., Cl2, Bromination & O3
\nA unique delivery system for Chlorine Dioxide solution production
\nThe ClO2 being the active component enabling disinfection
\nGenerates 99.99 % pure ClO2
\nThe residuals are sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl)
\nXzioX delivers a 5 Log reduction within 60 seconds at a concentration of average <50% than
\nother disinfectants thus XzioX could replace Chlorine at a 5-1 ratio
\nComplete eradication of all known micro-bacterial material<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cooling towers or heat rejection devices are used to transfer process waste heat to the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-312","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":315,"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/312\/revisions\/315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ximaxgh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}